If you’ve spotted an error on one of your credit reports, you should take immediate steps to correct the inaccuracy.

An error on your credit reports could lead to lower credit scores and impact your ability to open a new credit account or get a loan. Here are steps you can take to ask the credit bureaus to remove incorrect derogatory marks from your credit.

1. Send a letter to the credit bureau

Once you identify an error on your credit reports, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau recommends that you contact the credit bureaus that produced the reports with the error. Equifax, Experian and TransUnion, the three major credit bureaus, let you dispute inaccuracies on their respective consumer credit reports online or by mail.

Give your contact information and, in writing, explain what the error is and why it’s wrong. You’ll find sample letters to dispute credit report information with the credit bureau on the CFPB website. Be sure to include supporting documentation, such as a copy of an email verifying the status of the account that’s reported incorrectly. The CFPB also recommends that you keep copies of any letters or documentation that you send, and suggests that if you send it by mail, use certified mail with a return receipt.

Where to submit a dispute to the three major credit bureaus

2. Determine if you should contact the furnisher as well

The CFPB also recommends that you contact the company that provided the information to the credit bureau. Companies that provide information to credit bureaus are also known as furnishers. Examples of furnishers include banks and credit card issuers. If the furnisher’s address is listed on your credit report, send your dispute to that address or contact the company for the correct address.

3. Wait up to 45 days for the credit bureau or furnisher to investigate and respond

The credit bureau generally has 30 days after receiving your dispute to investigate and verify information with the furnisher. The credit bureau must also report the results back to you within five days of completing its investigation.

If you dispute the error with the information furnisher, that company must also report the results of its investigation to you. It also typically has 30 days to investigate.

4. Review the results of the investigation

The credit bureau involved must provide you with results of the investigation in writing and also a free copy of your credit report if the dispute results in a change to that report. The credit bureau must also provide you with the name, address and phone number of the furnisher that reported the incorrect information.

If the disputed information is found to be inaccurate, the furnisher must tell the credit bureau to update or delete the item. The furnisher must also notify all the credit bureaus to which it sent the incorrect information so that the bureaus can correct their records.

Even if the furnisher insists that the disputed information is accurate, you can still request that the credit bureau include a statement in your credit file explaining the dispute.

5. Check for updates to your credit report

Updates to your affected credit reports may take some time to appear. It can depend on the specific credit bureau’s update cycle and when the furnisher sends the new information to the credit bureau.

If the update doesn’t appear on your credit reports within several months, contact the credit bureaus and the furnisher to verify it’s reporting your account information to the bureaus.

Next steps

If you identify an error on your credit reports, it’s crucial to dispute it immediately. The dispute process isn’t complicated but it can be time consuming and frustrating, especially if the result isn’t in your favor. It’s well worth the effort, however, if you succeed with your dispute.

Before we get into how to ask for a credit limit increase, let’s review a more basic question: What is a credit limit?

A credit limit is the maximum amount your credit card issuer will allow you to charge on a single credit account.

In some instances, if you’re a responsible spender and routinely pay off your balance on time, the card issuer might automatically raise your credit limit even if you didn’t ask for an increase.

But card issuers don’t always automatically increase your credit limit. If you want a credit limit increase, most of the time you must be proactive.

1. Ask yourself why you want a credit limit increase

If you’re thinking about asking for a credit limit increase on your credit card, the first step is to assess your current financial situation. Consider the pros and cons of a credit limit increase.

On the plus side, a higher credit limit may lower your credit utilization rate. Credit utilization is the amount of available credit you’re using out of your overall credit limits. Most experts recommend keeping your overall credit utilization below 30%. Lower credit utilization rates suggest to creditors that you can use credit responsibly without relying too heavily on it.

Then again, a higher credit limit could also lead to trouble. “A higher limit may lead some to feel that there is that much more room to spend,” warns Bruce McClary, senior vice president of communications at the National Foundation for Credit Counseling. “Too much of a good thing can be bad, especially if you start opening more accounts with high credit limits.”

2. Know your credit history

Get your free VantageScore credit scores and reports from two major credit bureaus at Credit Karma to help figure out your next move. And don’t worry — checking your credit scores on Credit Karma is a soft inquiry, which will never affect your credit.

When you request a credit limit increase from your credit card company, it may perform a hard inquiry to determine your eligibility. A hard inquiry remains on your credit reports for approximately two years and may impact your credit scores for one year or more depending on the scoring model used.

3. Gather the documents you’ll need when you ask for a credit limit increase

Your card issuer may want to know your current annual income, employment status and how much you pay for housing each month. Have that information ready to go before you call.

That’s right, we said call. You can sometimes ask for a credit limit increase by applying on your card issuer’s website, but you’ll have a better opportunity to ferret out information if you speak to a representative on the phone.

4. Make your case

When asking for a credit increase, keep the request simple and straightforward.

• Have your talking points prepared beforehand, such as why you want the increase and how much of an increase you’d like.
• Make a list of questions you want answered before committing to the request. For example, will you be able to ask for another credit limit increase later if you want one? Will this request result in a hard inquiry on your credit reports?
• Be polite and explain why you’re asking for a credit limit increase. Don’t lose your cool if things aren’t going your way or if the representative has an attitude. Instead, consider getting off the call and trying again later with a different agent.
• If you don’t succeed, ask why. You’ll want to know the exact reason the increase was denied so you can work on creating a situation where you’re more likely to be approved. If you’re juggling too many high balances, for example, create a plan to pay them down. Once you’re in a better position, you can try again.

Bottom line

Before you ask for a credit limit increase on your credit card, first assess your current financial situation. Be honest with yourself about why you want a higher credit limit. Then, if you still think a credit limit increase is in your best interest, contact your card issuer and make your case.

If you’ve recently become unemployed in North Carolina, you may have options to file for unemployment.

If you need to apply for unemployment benefits in the Tarheel State, here are some things to know.

• How do unemployment benefits work in North Carolina?
• How can I qualify for North Carolina unemployment benefits?
• How much might I get?
• How can I apply?
• How will I receive my payments?
• When do my benefits end?
• What if my claim is rejected?

How do unemployment benefits work in North Carolina?

The North Carolina Division of Employment Security, or DES, administers the state’s unemployment insurance benefits program.

Unemployment insurance benefits programs are run jointly between the federal government and individual states like North Carolina. While each state has its own eligibility requirements, benefit amounts and maximum benefit periods, there are also federal guidelines for how state programs should work.

Employers pay an unemployment insurance tax to fund North Carolina’s unemployment program. If you qualify for unemployment, your benefits will come from funds that employers have paid into the program.

How can I qualify for North Carolina unemployment benefits?

Typically, to be eligible for North Carolina unemployment benefits you must meet these requirements.

• Be out of work through no fault of your own — the DES will decide if you meet this requirement based on information you and your former employer provide
• Have earned sufficient wages to be considered eligible
• Be physically able to work, available to work and actively looking for a job
• Register for work with NCWorks Online, the state’s job service office

Once you begin receiving weekly payments, you’ll need to take steps to maintain your eligibility, including filing weekly claims and reporting on your job search.

In North Carolina, unemployment benefits are usually available for between 12 weeks and 20 weeks. But states may choose to revise their benefits in times of economic crisis.

How much might I get?

To determine eligibility for unemployment benefits, North Carolina reviews what’s known as a “base period,” which usually includes the first four calendar quarters of the last five quarters of your work history and wages.

If you meet wage and work requirements for the base period, the DES calculates your weekly unemployment benefit amount by looking at your total wages for the last two completed quarters and dividing that amount by 52. The total must be at least $15 or higher to receive a weekly benefit, up to a maximum of $350 per week.

For example, if your wages for the last two completed quarters were $8,000, your weekly benefit might be $153 (8,000 ÷ 52 = $153).

Again, because states may change their benefits during times of crisis, these maximums may be different during recessions or other difficult economic situations.

How can I apply?

The fastest way to file a claim for unemployment benefits in North Carolina is online at des.nc.gov. To file a claim online, you must create an online account with the DES. You can also file a claim by calling the DES customer call center at 888-737-0259.

To expedite the filing process, make sure you have the following required information on hand:

• Your Social Security number
• Details about why you separated from your last job, along with any vacation, retirement or severance pay received or owed to you
• Your bank account routing and account numbers for direct deposit
• Work history for all employers over the last two years, including employer name, address, phone number, dates of employment, rates of pay and reason for separation

Non-citizens, former federal employees and former members of the military have additional documentation requirements.

How will I receive my payments?

You won’t receive your first payment immediately, since there’s a one-week waiting period before payments begin.

The DES pays weekly unemployment insurance payments through direct deposit into your bank account or on a DES debit card issued by Bank of America. You can use the card anywhere Visa debit cards are accepted. Be aware, though, you may encounter fees if you use the card at an ATM that’s not a Bank of America or Allpoint ATM, or if you use it outside of the country.

If you complete your weekly certification and still haven’t received your benefits within 14 days, you can contact the DES by email at des.ui.customerservice@nccommerce.com.

When do my benefits end?

North Carolina determines the number of weeks you may get unemployment based on the statewide unemployment rate, which is adjusted seasonally. North Carolina unemployment insurance benefits are typically available for anywhere from 12 weeks to 20 weeks but may be extended during times of economic crisis.

Under normal circumstances your unemployment payments may end earlier if you fail to meet continuing eligibility requirements. You’re typically required to keep a written record of your job search by filing a new claim via your online account weekly. Failure to file the weekly certification of benefits on time will stop your benefit payment for that week, and you’ll have to reopen your claim and delay payment with a new waiting period.

What if my claim is rejected?

If your claim is denied or the DES determines you’re no longer eligible, you’ll receive a written notice that includes an address and instructions for appealing. But the fastest way to file an appeal is online through the DES online benefits system. Once you’ve filed your appeal, the DES will send a notice with the date, time and contact information for your scheduled hearing.

Next steps

Unemployment insurance benefits are meant to help out-of-work North Carolinians pay bills, buy groceries and cover expenses while looking for another job.

One last thing to note is that the DES says you should report your unemployment benefits on your federal and state income tax returns. You can ask the department to withhold taxes from your unemployment benefits, which might help you avoid a big tax bill when you file your return.

If you’ve recently become unemployed and live in New York, you may have options to file for unemployment.

If you’re out of work, here’s what you need to know about claiming unemployment insurance benefits in New York.

• How do unemployment benefits work in New York?
• How can I qualify for New York unemployment benefits?
• How much might I get?
• How can I apply?
• How will I receive my payments?
• When do my benefits end?
• What if my claim is rejected?

How do unemployment benefits work in New York?

Unemployment insurance is a joint program between the federal and state governments intended to provide out-of-work Americans with financial support until they can find a new job. Like all other states, New York makes its own rules for administering its unemployment insurance benefits program but follows guidelines set by federal law.

The New York State Department of Labor oversees unemployment benefits in the state. The easiest way to file a new unemployment claim is through the agency’s online system, but you can also file by calling its claim center.

Typically, New York state law allows eligible residents who are unemployed through no fault of their own to receive weekly unemployment benefits for up to 26 weeks during a one-year period. However, states may choose to revise their benefits in times of economic crisis, and the federal government may help fund extended state benefits during such times.

Employers pay for benefits in New York, not workers. But the department of labor determines whether you’re eligible to receive benefits.

How can I qualify for New York unemployment benefits?

To be eligible for unemployment benefits in New York, you must …

• Be unemployed through no fault of your own
• Meet requirements for prior earnings

To continue receiving benefits after you’re approved for them, you typically must meet these requirements.

• Be ready, willing and able to work immediately while actively seeking work (and document your job search each week)
• Claim weekly benefits and certify eligibility for each week of unemployment
• Attend all required appointments at a local career center

How much might I get?

New York determines the amount of your weekly unemployment benefit by reviewing earnings during what’s known as a “base period.” New York’s basic base period covers your wages for the first four calendar quarters (out of the last five completed quarters) before the quarter in which you file for unemployment.

To qualify for unemployment insurance benefits, you must meet all of these earnings requirements for the base period.

• Earned wages at jobs covered by unemployment insurance in at least two calendar quarters
• Received payment of at least $2,600 in one calendar quarter (if you file a claim in 2020)
• Received total wages that are at least 1.5 times the amount of wages earned in your highest quarter

Your weekly benefit rate will be 1/26 (or 1/25 if your high-quarter wages are less than $3,575) of the high-quarter wages you earned in your base period. For example, if your wages during the base period were $4,394, the state would divide that amount by 26 to calculate your weekly payment amount of $169.

Weekly unemployment benefits in New York range from $104 to $504 for claims effective Jan. 6, 2020, or later. Again, because states may change their benefits during times of crisis, it’s possible these maximums can change during recessions or other difficult economic situations. 

How can I apply?

The best way to file a new unemployment insurance claim in New York is through the state department of labor’s online portal. The day of the week to apply is based on the first letter of your last name, and you’ll need a NY.gov ID to sign into the portal. If you don’t already have a NY.gov account, you can create one through the department of labor’s online services page. But if you already applied for unemployment by phone, you’ll need to wait at least one business day before creating an online account.

You can also call the claim center at 1-888-209-8124 during the agency’s COVID-19 expanded hours of 8 a.m. to 7:30 p.m. Monday through Friday and 7:30 a.m. to 8 p.m. on Saturday and Sunday Eastern time.

Whether you apply online or by phone, you’ll need to provide some basic information, which includes …

• Social Security number
• Driver’s license or motor vehicle ID card number
• Mailing address with ZIP code
• Alien registration card number if not a U.S. citizen
• Names and addresses of all employers for the last 18 months
• Your most recent employer’s employer registration number or federal employer identification number, or FEIN
• Copies of forms SF8 and SF50 if you were a federal employee
• Most recent Form DD 214 for separation if you were in the military
• A check with your bank routing and checking account numbers if you want to receive payments by direct deposit

Take note that filing without all of this information could delay your first payment.

How will I receive my payments?

If your claim is approved, you’ll have to wait a week to receive your first payment. But you’ll still need to meet all eligibility requirements for that week. You’ll generally receive your first payment two to three weeks from the time you filed your claim, but it could take longer if the state needs additional information.

If you enrolled in direct deposit, your payment will generally be deposited into your account within three business days of the department of labor releasing the payment. If you didn’t sign up for direct deposit, the state will pay your weekly benefits through a “Key2Benefits” debit card, which is a debit Mastercard that you can use to make purchases or withdraw cash from an ATM. The state will mail the card to you about seven to 10 days after you’re approved for benefits. You can keep track of your balance by checking your account for free at all KeyBank and Allpoint ATMs, by calling KeyBank’s customer service or going to its website.

Do I have to pay taxes on my unemployment?

Generally, unemployment compensation is subject to federal, state and local taxes, so you’ll have to report your benefits on your tax returns. You can choose to have New York withhold taxes from your weekly payments.

When do my benefits end?

If you’re eligible to receive unemployment benefits in New York, you can typically get them for up to 26 weeks during a one-year period, though it’s possible benefits may be extended because of crisis economic conditions.

That said, you can lose your benefits if you stop meeting all of the eligibility requirements. To continue receiving benefits, you’ll need to certify your benefits by requesting payment through the state website or phone system every week. You’re basically confirming for the state that you were still unemployed during the past week.

You’ll also need to meet the state’s requirements for job-hunting and document your efforts if the department of labor asks for confirmation.

What if my claim is rejected?

If your claim is denied or discontinued, you’ll receive a “notice of determination” in the mail explaining why the department denied your claim. The letter will tell you how to apply for a hearing and how to requalify if your benefit was discontinued for failing to meet requirements.

Next steps

If you need to file for unemployment assistance in New York, you can do so online or by phone. If you’re approved for benefits, you’ll need to continue meeting state requirements such as actively seeking work while receiving weekly benefits. And to minimize the risk of facing a big tax bill next year, consider having the state withhold taxes from your weekly benefit payment.

If your vehicle has a safety issue or other known defect that can’t be repaired, your state’s lemon law may pressure the manufacturer to set things right.

Lemon laws may require an auto manufacturer to either replace or provide some reimbursement to the owner of a vehicle when it has a serious defect that makes it unsafe or inoperable, and unfixable. Lemon laws typically apply to new cars, but they also can apply to used vehicles in some states.

Of the millions of motor vehicles sold in the U.S. annually, there are always some that don’t perform properly. But what can you do if you can’t drive your new car or even resell it due to a defect that can’t be repaired?

That’s where your state’s lemon law comes in.

• What is a lemon law?
• Where can I find information on my state’s lemon laws?
• What makes a car a lemon?
• Tips to file a lemon law complaint

What is a lemon law?

Lemon laws typically require auto manufacturers to either replace a defective new vehicle you bought or reimburse you. Every state in the U.S. has some version of a lemon law. These regulations allow you to file a claim for a defective motor vehicle.

Each state’s law can have different requirements for claims. For example, some require that the car can’t be fixed after a certain number of repair attempts, or that the defect presents a safety hazard.

Lemon laws vary by state, each imposing its own restrictions on the types of vehicles covered and other requirements. For example, Colorado excludes motor homes under its lemon law, but Georgia’s lemon law covers motor homes. Georgia’s lemon law also typically requires three manufacturer repair attempts (as long as the defect is not a serious safety defect. If it is, just one attempt is required. Arizona requires four repair attempts before you can file a lemon law claim.

Generally, lemon laws apply to personal use vehicles. In some cases that includes leased or used motor vehicles or RVs.

Lemon laws can provide some backup when you buy a vehicle — but depending on the state you live in, even if you file a successful lemon law complaint you may not receive the full amount you paid for the vehicle.

Depending on the state you’re in, the manufacturer may be required to give you another new vehicle or a vehicle with equivalent mileage at the time the defect became known. In other states, you may be allowed an option to reject the manufacturer’s suggested replacement.

Lemon laws typically cover only new cars, but some state lemon laws also cover used cars. To find out where your state stands, look at how “used car” is defined in your state’s lemon law, especially with leased vehicles. Also, find out whether the manufacturer’s warranty on the used car must still be in effect to qualify under the applicable state’s lemon law.

Where can I find information on my state’s lemon law?

You can search your state’s department of motor vehicles website, your state attorney general’s website — or even your state consumer protection office. You can also look up lemon laws on the Better Business Bureau’s Auto Line State Lemon Laws.

What makes a car a lemon?

If your new vehicle has a “defect or condition” that an auto repair shop can’t fix despite repeated attempts — or the defect presents a serious safety hazard — the vehicle might be a lemon, says Steve Lehto, a Michigan lemon law attorney.

For instance, if your vehicle accelerates without warning, that defect likely qualifies the car as a lemon — potentially a lemon with with a serious safety defect. You might also have a lemon if a defect or condition “substantially impairs the use or value of a vehicle,” a commonly used lemon law definition that still allows room for subjectivity.

“Most people would agree that a car failing to start would have a substantial defect,” Lehto says. “But what about a car that makes funny noises or leaks water in heavy rain? Those issues might not be as clear, depending on how severe they are and how much they affect the owner’s use of the vehicle.”

For your car to be considered a lemon, the vehicle generally needs to fall into one or more of the following categories, which will vary based on the state where the vehicle was bought and registered.

• It has a “substantial defect”: Generally, defects must be major and affect the car’s operation. This could include systems such as transmission, brakes, engine or other major parts.
• It meets time or mileage limits: Sometimes a car can be considered a lemon only if it meets certain age or mileage requirements. For example, in North Carolina, a vehicle qualifies during its first 24 months or 24,000 miles — whichever comes first.
• It meets a reasonable number of failed repair attempts: Some state lemon laws may require a certain number of attempts at repair before you can file a complaint.
• It’s been in for repairs for a significant number of days: This also varies by state, but many lemon laws require that a vehicle must spend at least 30 days within a one-year period undergoing repairs. For example, the Texas lemon law requires that you have either taken the vehicle to the dealership two or more times for a serious safety hazard or at least four times for a defect that is not considered a serious safety hazard. You also may have recourse there if your vehicle has been out of service for repairs for a total of 30 days or 24,000 miles and the problem still persists.

Tips to file a lemon law complaint

Depending on state, lemon laws can require that you send a complaint letter to the vehicle’s manufacturer first, detailing the car’s problems, repair attempts and the solution requested, such as a replacement vehicle of equal value. In certain states you may be able to provide notice to the dealership rather than the manufacturer.

You’ll need documentation to prove the number of attempts made to fix the problem. Some new car contracts may include mandatory arbitration clauses to settle disputes. The Better Business Bureau’s Auto Line dispute resolution program can also help resolve your lemon law complaint if the manufacturer is a participating manufacturer.

Bottom line

State lemon laws are in place to help people, but it’s still a good idea to conduct some research on your own about new and used vehicles before you buy.

You can find customer reviews and ratings on different car makes and models, or you can use sites like Consumer Reports and Edmunds to compare similar cars. You can bolster that research on used cars by purchasing a CARFAX report, which checks the vehicle’s service and accident history, warranty information and numerous other factors.

This article was fact-checked by our editors and CPA Janet Murphy, senior product specialist with Credit Karma. It has been updated for the 2019 tax year.

Montana may have more grizzly bears, migratory elk and trumpeter swans than any other state in the continental U.S., but it’s one of the least-human-populated states, with a little more than a million residents.

When your home state has 46 (out of 56) counties with average populations of fewer than six people per square mile, every taxpayer counts! If you lived in or earned income in Big Sky Country, you’ll likely need to file a Montana income tax return.

Here’s some information to help you get started.

• The basics of Montana state tax
• Montana deductions and credits to know
• How to file your Montana state tax return
• If you owe and can’t pay
• Tracking your Montana tax refund

The basics of Montana state tax

Taxing body

The Montana Department of Revenue manages state income tax in Montana. Montana DOR’s tax help number is 1-406-444-6900, and you can reach the DOR from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Thursday, and 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. on Fridays. The department is closed on weekends and state holidays. You can also ask state income tax questions via the DOR contact form.

Filing and payment deadline

For 2019 state taxes, the state has extended the filing and payment deadline. Montana residents now have until July 15, 2020, to file their state returns and pay any state tax they owe for 2019. As with the federal deadline extension, Montana won’t charge interest on unpaid balances between April 15 and July 15, 2020.

While this year is a bit different, Montana’s Tax Day is generally April 15, the same as the deadline for filing your federal income tax return. If the 15th falls on a Sunday or holiday, the deadline may be extended.

Filing statuses

Montana recognizes these filing statuses:

• Single, which includes qualifying widow(er)s
• Married filing jointly
• Married filing separately on separate forms
• Married filing separately on the same form
• Married filing separately and spouse not filing
• Head of household

Montana income tax rate(s)

For the 2019 tax year, Montana has seven tax brackets based on income.

• $1–$3,100 — 1% of taxable income
• $3,101–$5,400 — 2% of taxable income minus $31
• $5,401–$8,200 — 3% of taxable income minus $85
• $8,201–$11,100 — 4% of taxable income minus $167
• $11,101–$14,300 — 5% of taxable income minus $278
• $14,301–$18,400 — 6% of taxable income minus $421
• More than $18,400— 6.9% of taxable income minus $587

Montana deductions and credits to know

In Montana, you can either take a standard deduction or itemize your deductions. When married filing separately, both spouses must claim either the standard deduction or itemize their deductions.

Standard deductions, exemptions and subtractions

For 2019, you can take a Montana standard deduction of 20% of your Montana adjusted gross income or the maximum standard deduction for your filing status, whichever is less. Here are the maximum standard deductions.

• Single or married filing separately — Maximum of $4,710 but not less than $2,090
• Married filing jointly or head of household — Maximum of $9,420 but not less than $4,180

Additionally, you can take a personal exemption of $2,510 for yourself, your spouse and each dependent.

Subtractions and above-the-line deductions

Like many states, Montana also uses subtractions to help you arrive at your Montana taxable income. You don’t have to itemize deductions to take these subtractions if you’re eligible. Some subtractions that are available for 2019, include the following:

• Unemployment compensation
• Military pay for Montana residents who are on active duty (provided your compensation was included in your federal adjusted gross income)
• Up to $800 of interest income if you’re 65 or older at the end of the tax year (couples married filing jointly can exempt up to $1,600)
• Up to $5,000 of health-related-student-education loan repayments for health professionals licensed in Montana, provided you qualify

You can also deduct certain expenses like the following, regardless of whether you itemize deductions:

• If you took a deduction for educator expenses on your federal form, you can also deduct it on your Montana income tax return.
• You can deduct the amount of contributions to a health savings account that you reported on your federal tax return.
• If you took a deduction for IRA contributions on your federal return, you can deduct that amount on your Montana return.
• You can deduct the same amount of student loan interest you deducted on your federal return.

Who can claim the federal standard deduction?

Most people can choose to take a standard deduction on their federal income tax return.

However, you might not be able to claim the standard deduction if you’re married filing separately and your spouse itemizes deductions, if you file a return for a period of less than 12 months before you changed your accounting period, or if you file as an estate, trust, common trust fund or partnership.

Itemized deductions

Deductions you may be able to itemize include the following:

• Medical and dental expenses
• Medical and long-term-care insurance premiums
• Personal property taxes
• Home mortgage interest
• Charitable contributions
• Political contributions, limited to $100 (plus another $100 for your spouse)
• Real estate taxes

Available state tax credits include the following:

• Adoption credit — $1,000 per eligible child adoption. Legal adoption of a stepchild does not qualify for the credit.
• Alternative-energy system credit — Up to $500 for installation of a qualifying new alternative-energy system in your home.
• Elderly care credit — If you paid qualified expenses on behalf of an elderly family member who is 65 or older or was determined disabled for Social Security purposes, you may be eligible for this credit. It’s worth up to 30% of qualified expenses based on adjusted gross income. The maximum credit is $5,000 for a single family member or $10,000 for two or more family members.
• Montana elderly homeowner/renter credit — Up to $1,000 and the credit is refundable. If it reduces your tax to zero, you can get the balance of the credit as a refund. To qualify, you must be age 62 or older, a Montana resident for at least nine months, live in the same house for six months, and have a household income of less than $45,000.

How to file your Montana state tax return

You have multiple options for filing and paying your Montana state income tax.

• E-file through the Montana DOR My Revenue system.
• E-file using a Free File Alliance vendor. Be aware, vendors will have varying criteria for who qualifies to file for free. You may need to meet age, income or other limitations in order to qualify.
• Download forms, including Form 2 — the Montana equivalent of the federal 1040 — through the Montana DOR website.

If you’re filing a paper form, complete Form 2 and send it to one of these addresses:

• If you’re due a refund or don’t owe any money: Montana Department of Revenue, P.O. Box 6577, Helena, MT 59604-6577
• Returns with payment: Montana Department of Revenue, P.O. Box 6308, Helena, MT 59604-6308

If you owe and can’t pay

If you can’t make your full tax payment, pay as much as you can by the filing deadline and request a payment plan for the balance through the Montana DOR TransAction Portal. You’ll need to create an account.

Keep in mind, filing late and/or paying taxes after the due date could cause the state to assess penalties and interest on the unpaid balance.

Tracking your Montana tax refund

Montana has a Where’s My Refund? tool to help you track your state refund. Your refund status may be available after one week for e-filers and six weeks for paper filers. It can take up to 90 days for Montana DOR to issue your refund.

Bottom line

The state of Montana’s motto is “gold and silver.” Hopefully, you’ll have more change in your pocket if a refund is headed your way. A fairly straightforward progressive tax system and a robust Department of Revenue website with ample tax information could help make filing your Montana income tax return as easy as possible.

A senior product specialist with Credit Karma, Janet Murphy is a CPA with more than a decade in the tax industry. She’s worked as a tax analyst, tax product development manager and tax accountant. She has accounting degrees and certifications from Clemson University and the U.S. Career Institute. You can find her on LinkedIn.

If you earn income in the Mountain State, you not only get to enjoy its scenic sights and native Golden Delicious apples, but you may also have to file a state income tax return in addition to your federal tax return. Here are some things to know about filing your West Virginia state tax return.

• What are some basics of West Virginia state taxes?
• How do West Virginia exemptions and modifications work?
• What are some West Virginia state tax credits?
• How can I file a West Virginia state tax return?
• What if I owe and can’t pay?
• Can I track a West Virginia tax refund?

What are some basics of West Virginia state taxes?

Taxing body

The West Virginia State Tax Department administers tax laws and collects taxes in the state. For income tax inquiries, you can search the agency’s online FAQs or call 1-304-558-3333 or 1-800-982-8297.

Filing and payment deadline

For 2019 state taxes, the state has extended the filing and payment deadline. West Virginia residents now have until July 15, 2020, to file their state returns and pay any state tax they owe for 2019. As with the federal deadline extension, West Virginia won’t charge interest on unpaid balances between April 15 and July 15, 2020.

You don’t need to do anything to get this extension. It’s automatic for all West Virginia taxpayers.

While this year is a bit different, generally West Virginia’s Tax Day is April 15 — the same as the deadline for filing your federal income tax return. However, if the 15th falls on a weekend or holiday, the deadline will be extended to the following business day.

If you need more time to file and you already obtained an IRS extension on your federal income tax return, you can get an automatic extension with the same deadline for your West Virginia income tax return. When you’re ready to file your state return, you’ll have to enter the same date that your federal extension is due.

If you need more time for only your state return, you must submit a completed WV4868 (formerly Schedule L) to get a six-month extension and avoid paying a late-filing penalty. Remember that you still have to pay any tax you owe by Tax Day to avoid being charged a late-payment penalty (although you may not be charged if you can show a good reason for being late) and interest on the unpaid balance. Filing an extension doesn’t extend your payment due date.

Filing statuses

West Virginia recognizes the five federal filing statuses: single, married filing jointly, married filing separately, head of household and widow(er) with dependent child.

West Virginia income tax rates

West Virginia has a progressive tax system with five tax rates — 3%, 4%, 4.5%, 6% and 6.5% — and corresponding tax brackets. Your tax rate and additional tax amount will depend on your filing status and taxable income. Here are the West Virginia tax rates and tax bracket thresholds.

How do West Virginia exemptions and modifications work?

Unlike the federal government and many states, West Virginia doesn’t have a standard deduction or allow you to itemize deductions. Instead, the state uses federal adjusted gross income, or AGI, as the starting point for calculating state taxes. This means that certain types of income you don’t pay taxes on at the federal level (IRA distributions, for example) and federal-level deductions (student loan interest deduction, for example) have already been factored into your state calculations.

Instead of deductions, West Virginia offers exemptions and modifications, some of which reduce the amount of your income that will be subject to state tax.

For 2019, West Virginia taxpayers can take $2,000 for each allowable exemption claimed or $500 if no exemptions were claimed.

State modifications are available for 2019. Eligibility may depend on income, age and other conditions. The amount may be subject to qualifying requirements and caps.

• Autism modification, which allows deduction of any qualifying contribution to a trust for the benefit of a child with autism
• E-ZPass deduction, which allows deduction of payment for amounts more than $25 and up to $1,200 for tolls paid electronically through West Virginia Parkways Authority’s E-ZPass
• Senior citizen or disability deduction
• Qualified contributions to the West Virginia Prepaid Tuition/Savings Plan Trust Funds
• Modifications for benefits received from certain state and federal retirement systems

West Virginia also provides a low-income exclusion for individuals, heads of household and married couples filing jointly who had earned income during the tax year. To qualify filing single, married filing jointly, head of household or widow(er) with dependent child, your federal AGI must be $10,000 or less. Anyone married filing separately must have federal AGI of $5,000 or less to qualify.

What are some West Virginia state tax credits?

Many West Virginia tax credits are aimed at businesses, but a few apply to individual taxpayers. Here are a few.

• Family tax credit — This credit reduces the tax you owe by a certain percentage — up to 100% — of your income tax due. The credit amount is based on your modified federal adjusted gross income, filing status and family size. You’ll need to claim at least one personal exemption on your state tax return and meet income limitations and family size requirements to qualify for this credit. And you can’t get it if you’re subject to the federal minimum alternative tax.
• Nonfamily adoption credit — If you adopt a child, you may be able to claim this one-time credit of $4,000 per child. You’ll need to meet requirements. For example, you can’t be the child’s father, mother or step parent, and the child must be younger than 18.
• Homestead excess property tax credit — If you own and occupy your home, and paid more than 4% of your income toward property taxes, you may qualify for this credit, which maxes at $1,000. You’ll need to meet income requirements and other qualifications to claim the credit.
• Senior citizen tax credit — If you’re a senior citizen and eligible for your county’s Homestead Exemption Program, you may qualify for this refundable credit. Seniors who are eligible for the credit should receive a packet of information in January on how to claim it. You’ll also need to meet requirements on income and number of people in your household to qualify.

How can I file a West Virginia state tax return?

• File electronically — You may be able to e-file your West Virginia state tax return for free through online service providers if you meet income, age and other requirements. Or you can use one of the state’s approved providers. Some providers may charge fees, so review terms, conditions and costs before making your choice.
• File a paper return — Download tax forms, including IT-140, West Virginia’s equivalent of the federal 1040. If you expect a refund, mail the completed forms to West Virginia State Tax Department, P.O. Box 1071, Charleston, WV 25324-1071. If you owe tax, mail the payments and forms to West Virginia State Tax Department, P.O. Box 3694, Charleston, WV 25336-3694. You can also deliver the forms in person at one of the walk-in Taxpayer Services offices run by the department.

What if I owe and can’t pay?

If you owe West Virginia state income tax, you must pay it by the annual April deadline even if you’ve received an extension for filing your return. Otherwise, the state will charge interest on the unpaid balance.

If you can’t pay your tax and meet certain qualifications, you can obtain a six-month payment plan. Or you could apply for a longer installment plan, which allows you to pay in installments for up to 12 months. But keep in mind that if you apply for the longer plan the state will require a tax lien to be filed against you. When you pay your balance, the lien should be withdrawn. Under both installment agreements, interest will accrue on the unpaid balance.

Can I track a West Virginia tax refund?

If you paid more tax that you owed and expect a refund, go to the West Virginia State Tax Department website and click the Where’s My Refund? link to help track your West Virginia state tax refund. If it’s been more than 10 weeks since you filed, you can call the Taxpayer Services Division at 1-800-982-8297 or 1-304-558-3333 to check your refund status.

Bottom line

West Virginia’s motto is “Mountaineers are always free,” but you still need to pay your fair share of income tax to the state. The sooner you file your state tax return, the sooner West Virginia might feel like heaven — and you can get back to the enjoying the state’s scenic country roads.

A senior product specialist with Credit Karma, Janet Murphy is a CPA with more than a decade in the tax industry. She’s worked as a tax analyst, tax product development manager and tax accountant. She has accounting degrees and certifications from Clemson University and the U.S. Career Institute. You can find her on LinkedIn.

This article was fact-checked by our editors and a member of the Credit Karma product specialist team, led by Senior Manager of Operations Christina Taylor.

In school, you probably learned about the Boston Tea Party, which some residents of the then-colony of Massachusetts staged to protest British taxation.

But the commonwealth has come a long way since its Colonial days. Now if you live in the Bay State, you may have to pay income taxes to the commonwealth. The good news is that a flat tax rate and several state-level deductions and credits can help make the task easier.

• What are the basics of Massachusetts state taxes?
• What are some Massachusetts deductions, exemptions and credits to know?
• How can I file a Massachusetts state tax return?
• What if I owe and can’t pay?
• How can I track a Massachusetts tax refund?

What are the basics of Massachusetts state taxes?

Massachusetts charges several taxes, including a sales and use tax and estate tax. In addition, all full-time and part-year residents who earn more than $8,000 per year, as well as some nonresidents who earn income in the commonwealth, must file a Massachusetts state tax return.

If your earnings are lower than $8,000 and you want to claim any refundable credits, like the earned income tax credit, then you’ll need to file a state tax return.

Taxing body

The Massachusetts Department of Revenue, often referred to as the DOR, collects and manages state income tax in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

You can call the DOR’s tax help number at 1-617-887-6367 or 1-800-392-6089 (toll-free in Massachusetts) between 8:30 a.m. and 4:30 p.m. EST Monday through Friday. You can also submit questions using an online contact form.

Filing and payment deadline

For 2019 state taxes, the commonwealth has extended the filing and payment deadline. Massachusetts residents now have until July 15, 2020 to file their state returns and pay any state tax they owe for the year.

You don’t need to do anything to get this extension. It’s automatic for all Massachusetts taxpayers.

While this year is a bit different, Tax Day in Massachusetts is usually the same day as the deadline for filing your federal income tax return — April 15. But if the 15th falls on a weekend or a holiday, the deadline for filing your Massachusetts state return is extended to the next business day.

Filing statuses

Massachusetts recognizes four of the five federal filing statuses for personal income tax returns: single, married filing jointly, married filing separately and head of household.

The commonwealth doesn’t offer the federal qualifying widow(er) status. So if you claim the qualifying widower status on your federal form, you probably qualify for the head-of-household status on your state tax return.

Massachusetts income tax rate

If you need to file a Massachusetts state tax return, you don’t have to worry about different tax brackets. The state has a flat tax rate of 5.05% on most classes of income. Massachusetts law will reduce the income tax rate incrementally when certain tax year revenue requirements are met until the rate reaches 5%.

What are some Massachusetts deductions, exemptions and credits to know?

If you file a Massachusetts state tax return, you can claim a personal exemption, based on your filing status — regardless of whether you can claim a personal exemption on your federal return. This can help reduce the tax you owe.

Here are the personal exemption amounts for 2019.

• $4,400 for single filers or those married filing separately
• $6,800 for head of household
• $8,800 for those married filing jointly
• $1,000 for each dependent

Additionally, taxpayers who were 65 or older by Dec. 31, 2019, can claim an additional $700 for themselves and their spouses. Filers who are blind can take an additional $2,200 exemption for themselves and their spouses.

You may also be able to take the following exemptions:

• Medical and dental expenses equal to the amount you took as an itemized deduction on your federal tax return
• Total amount of fees you paid to a licensed adoption agency, regardless of whether you successfully completed the adoption

In addition, taxpayers can take certain deductions and credits if they qualify. Eligibility may be subject to caps and income limits.

Massachusetts state tax deductions

Massachusetts offers several state-level deductions. Deductions that you don’t have to itemize to take include the following:

• Payments you (and your spouse, if filing jointly) made to Social Security, Medicare, railroad retirement, U.S. or Massachusetts retirement systems, as shown on your W-2 (limits apply)
• Expenses related to caring for a child or disabled dependent or disabled spouse (deduction amount is limited)
• If you rent your home, you may be able to deduct half of your rent for the year (up to a maximum limit)

Additionally, you may be able to itemize deductions on Schedule Y. Here are some of the deductions available for 2019.

• Moving expenses
• Contributions to a health savings account or medical savings account
• Health insurance premiums if you’re self-employed
• Interest on student loans
• College tuition
• Commuting costs if you have a weekly or monthly transit pass for certain types of public transportation and toll payments
• Costs associated with donating certain organs, including travel, lodging and lost wages (up to a limit)
• Certain gambling losses
• Prepaid tuition or college savings program deduction

Massachusetts state tax credits

The state offers several tax credits to those who qualify, including the following:

• Earned income tax credit: Like the federal EITC, the Massachusetts earned income credit is for people who have earned income less than a certain threshold. You must qualify for the federal credit in order to qualify for the state-level credit.
• Limited income credit: Qualification for this credit and the amount you can receive is based on your Massachusetts adjusted gross income and filing status.
• Credit for income tax paid to another jurisdiction: This credit can include situations such as taxes paid to another state. This credit doesn’t apply to city or local taxes.
• Circuit breaker tax credit: For qualified taxpayers 65 or older who own or rent residential property in Massachusetts and use the property as their primary residence.

How can I file a Massachusetts state tax return?

You have multiple options for filing and paying your Massachusetts state income tax.

• You can e-file and pay via the Massachusetts Department of Revenue’s MassTaxConnect. You’ll need to create an account.
• If your income is less than $69,000 or less, you can e-file through one of the state’s FreeFile Alliance software providers.
• You can mail a paper return. Download tax forms, including Form 1, the Massachusetts equivalent of the federal 1040 — through the Massachusetts DOR website.

Here’s where you can mail your paper return, relevant documents and any payment to.

• If you used tax software and expect a refund: Massachusetts DOR, P.O. Box 7001, Boston, MA 02204.
• If you used tax software and need to pay tax: Massachusetts DOR, P.O. Box 7002, Boston, MA 02204.
• If you used a tax form from the DOR website or a DOR booklet and expect a refund: Massachusetts DOR, P.O. Box 7000, Boston, MA 02204.
• If you used a tax form from the DOR website or a DOR booklet and need to pay tax: Massachusetts DOR, P.O. Box 7003, Boston, MA 02204. 

What if I owe and can’t pay?

If you can’t make your full tax payment by the annual deadline, you can set up a payment plan for up to 36 months at MassTaxConnect. Log in and choose “Request a Payment Plan” under the “I Want To” tab. However, paying your tax late may mean you face penalties and interest.

How can I track a Massachusetts tax refund?

Massachusetts offers a Where’s My Refund? tool to help you track your state refund online. You can also check your refund status by calling DOR’s automated service at 1-617-887-6367 or toll-free within Massachusetts at 1-800-392-6089.

Bottom line

Massachusetts residents have a long history of being proactive about taxes (and tax protests), so don’t wait until the last minute to file your Massachusetts state tax return. You can typically get your refund within six weeks if you file electronically. Paper returns can take up to 10 weeks to process.

Christina Taylor is senior manager of tax operations for Credit Karma. She has more than a dozen years of experience in tax, accounting and business operations. Christina founded her own accounting consultancy and managed it for more than six years. She codeveloped an online DIY tax-preparation product, serving as chief operating officer for seven years. She is the current treasurer of the National Association of Computerized Tax Processors and holds a bachelor’s degree in business administration/accounting from Baker College and an MBA from Meredith College. You can find her on LinkedIn.

This article was fact-checked by our editors and a member of the Credit Karma product specialist team, led by Senior Manager of Operations Christina Taylor. It has been updated for the 2019 tax year.

Maine is famous for lobsters and lighthouses — and being the birthplace of Stephen King, the king of horror novels.

If you live and work in the Pine Tree State, you may need to file a Maine income tax return, but it doesn’t have to be a scary process. Here’s information that can help you when it’s time to file your Maine state income tax return.

• What are some basics of Maine income taxes?
• What are some Maine deductions and credits to know?
• How can I file a Maine income tax return?
• What if I owe and can’t pay?
• How can I track a Maine tax refund?

What are some basics of Maine income taxes?

If you live and work in Maine, or live in another state and earn income in Maine, you generally have to pay Maine income tax.

Taxing body

Maine Revenue Services administers tax laws and collects taxes, including income tax, sales tax, use tax, property tax, fuel tax and real estate transfer tax.

If you have any questions about Maine income tax, you can go online to explore individual income tax FAQs, call the Taxpayer Contact Center at 1-207-624-9784 or e-mail taxpayerassist@maine.gov for general tax questions, refund status and other services. You can also get in-person help at the agency’s walk-in Taxpayer Service Center at 51 Commerce Drive in Augusta, from 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Eastern time Monday through Friday.

Filing and payment deadline

For 2019 state taxes, the state has extended the filing and payment deadline. Maine residents now have until July 15, 2020, to file their state returns and pay any state tax they owe for 2019. As with the federal deadline extension, Maine won’t charge interest on unpaid balances between April 15 and July 15, 2020.

You don’t need to do anything to get this extension. It’s automatic for all Maine taxpayers. But keep in mind that if you’re expecting a refund, you might want to go ahead and file as soon as possible. During the coronavirus crisis, the state is continuing to process tax returns and issue refunds.

While this year is a bit different, generally Maine’s Tax Day is April 15 — the same as the federal deadline. As with your federal income tax return, if the 15th falls on a weekend or holiday, the deadlines may be extended to the next business day.

Maine offers an automatic six-month extension to file your state return, provided you file by the end of that period. You can apply in writing, before the six months end, for a two-month extension. If you don’t pay at least 90% of what you owe by the original due date, you’ll face penalties for late payment and interest on any tax not paid by the original due date, regardless of an extension.

Be aware that a filing extension doesn’t extend the time you have to pay any tax due. Any tax you owe is still due by April 15.

Filing statuses

The state of Maine recognizes the federal filing statuses: single, married filing jointly, married filing separately, head of household and qualifying widow(er).

Maine income tax rates

With Maine’s progressive income tax code, tax rates rise as income increases. But with three separate tax rate schedules and rates, ranging from 5.8% to 7.15% based on your filing status and taxable income, it can take a bit of work to calculate what you owe the state. You can view the Maine tax rate schedules here.

What are some Maine deductions and credits to know?

If you file a Maine state income tax return and you can’t be claimed as a dependent on another person’s return, you can take a personal exemption of $4,200, or $8,400 if married filing jointly or filing as a qualifying widow(er). The exemption gets phased out for high-income taxpayers.

Maine also allows deductions. Generally, you’ll have to use the same deduction method on your Maine return — standard or itemized — that you used on your federal return. But unlike federal taxes, the amount of your deductions can be limited if your Maine adjusted gross income exceeds certain amounts.

Maine standard deduction

Maine standard deduction amounts are equal to the federal standard deduction, depending on your filing status, though it’s phased out at higher incomes.

• Single: $12,200
• Married filing jointly: $24,400
• Married filing separately: $12,200
• Head of household: $18,350

Itemized deduction

Maine caps the amount you can claim for itemized deductions at $29,550, but medical expenses are not subject to that limit. For 2019, you may be able to increase your itemized deduction by the amount of real and personal property taxes you couldn’t deduct on your federal return because of the $10,000 state and local tax cap limitation ($5,000 for those married filing separately).

Maine tax credits

You may be able to offset your tax liability with any Maine deductions and credits you qualify for. You’ll have to meet various criteria on income, filing status and other conditions to be eligible.

Here are some tax credits available for 2019 (caps and conditions apply).

• Child care credit
• Adult dependent care credit
• Earned income tax credit
• Educational opportunity tax credit, based on qualified loan payments made in 2018
• Property tax fairness credit

How can I file a Maine income tax return?

You have a few options for filing your Maine state income tax return.

• You can file your state income tax return electronically via the Maine FastFile service’s free I-File option, or get in-person help to e-file at the state agency’s walk-in Taxpayer Service Center at 51 Commerce Drive in Augusta, from 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Eastern time Monday through Friday.
• You can use a software vendor or online tax-preparation and filing service that’s listed on the Maine Revenue Service filing options page. Be aware that some vendors and services may charge a fee to prepare and file your taxes, depending on factors like your income, age and the complexity of your return.
• Or you can download the tax forms you need, including the 1040ME, Maine’s equivalent of the federal Form 1040, and file by mail. If you expect a refund, mail the completed forms to Maine Revenue Services, P.O. Box 1066, Augusta, ME 04332-1066. If you don’t expect a refund, mail them to Maine Revenue Services, P.O. Box 1067, Augusta, ME 04332-1067.

What if I owe and can’t pay?

Even if you can’t pay, you should still file your Maine tax return by the due date to avoid a late-filing penalty. And if you don’t make your full tax payment by the deadline, you’ll likely face penalties and interest on the unpaid balance. You can call Maine Revenue Services at 1-207-621-4300 to arrange a payment plan.

How can I track a Maine tax refund?

If you’re expecting to get a refund of your Maine state tax, you can use the Refund Status tool to help track your state refund. You’ll need to provide your Social Security number, filing status and amount of refund expected.

Bottom line

The sooner you get your Maine state income taxes filed, the more time you’ll have to curl up with a good book by Stephen King, roam the craggy shoreline or explore the remote wilderness of the Pine Tree State. And the sooner you file, the sooner you’ll know if a refund is headed your way.

Christina Taylor is senior manager of tax operations for Credit Karma. She has more than a dozen years of experience in tax, accounting and business operations. Christina founded her own accounting consultancy and managed it for more than six years. She codeveloped an online DIY tax-preparation product, serving as chief operating officer for seven years. She is the current treasurer of the National Association of Computerized Tax Processors and holds a bachelor’s degree in business administration/accounting from Baker College and an MBA from Meredith College. You can find her on LinkedIn.

This article was fact-checked by our editors and CPA Janet Murphy, senior product specialist with Credit Karma. It has been updated for the 2019 tax year.

Vermont is famous as the birthplace of Ben and Jerry’s ice cream, and as the maple syrup capital of the U.S.

If you live or work in the Green Mountain State, you may need to pay Vermont income tax. But paying income tax in Vermont doesn’t have to be difficult. Here’s some information that can help you prepare and file your Vermont income tax return.

• The basics of Vermont state tax
• Vermont deductions and credits to know
• How to file your Vermont state tax return
• If you owe and can’t pay
• Tracking your Vermont tax refund

The basics of Vermont state tax

Taxing body

The Vermont Department of Taxes administers tax laws and collects taxes in the State of Vermont.

The department’s general information number is 1-802-828-2505. You can also find answers to Vermont tax questions at the state’s individual income tax site.

Filing and payment deadline

For 2019 state taxes, the state has extended the filing and payment deadline. Vermont residents now have until July 15, 2020, to file their state returns and pay any state tax they owe for 2019. As with the federal deadline extension, Vermont won’t charge interest on unpaid balances between April 15 and July 15, 2020.

You don’t need to do anything to get this extension. It’s automatic for all Vermont taxpayers. But keep in mind that if you’re expecting a refund, you might want to go ahead and file as soon as possible. During the coronavirus crisis, the state is continuing to process tax returns and issue refunds.

While this year is a bit different, Vermont’s Tax Day is generally April 15 — the same for filing your federal return. If the April 15 falls on a weekend or holiday, the deadline will be extended to the next business day.

Filing statuses

Vermont recognizes these filing statuses.

• Single
• Married/civil union partners filing jointly
• Married/civil union partners filing separately
• Head of household
• Qualifying widow(er) with dependent children

Your filing status must be the same as your federal filing status, except in two situations where federal information may be used differently for your Vermont return.

• Civil union
• Only one spouse has a qualifying connection to Vermont that’s subject to Vermont’s tax jurisdiction

Vermont income tax rate(s)

Vermont has four tax rates, and your income and filing status determine which marginal rate applies to you. For 2019, the tax rates are 3.35%, 6.6%, 7.6% and 8.75%.

Vermont deductions and credits to know

Vermont residents can take a standard deduction that varies based on filing status. For 2019, the amounts are …

• Single — $6,150
• Head of household — $9,200
• Married filing jointly or surviving spouse — $12,300
• Married filing separately — $6,150
• $1,000 additional deduction if you are blind or 65 or older and received the deduction on your federal income tax return

You can also take a personal exemption of $4,250 for yourself, your spouse or late spouse (if filing jointly) and for each qualifying dependent who is not the dependent of another taxpayer.

Here are some available Vermont tax credits for 2019.

• Earned income tax credit: If you claimed the federal earned income tax credit, you might be able to claim a Vermont tax credit of 36% of your federal credit amount.
• Credit for child and dependent care: If you qualified for the federal child and dependent care credit, you can also qualify for the state-level credit.
• Low-income child and dependent care credit: If you meet income requirements, you may be eligible for this credit (you can’t take both this and the credit for child and dependent care).
• Vermont charitable giving tax credit: As of the 2019 tax year, a 5% nonrefundable credit is available for any charitable contribution (up to $20,000 maximum), as long as the contribution is also deductible under IRS rules.

How to file your Vermont state tax return

You have multiple options for filing and paying your Vermont state income tax.

• You can e-file through commercial vendor software or an online tax-preparation and filing service. Other vendors and services may charge a fee based on your income, age or other factors, so be sure you understand possible charges before filing.
• You may also download forms — including Vermont IN-111, Vermont’s equivalent of the federal 1040 — through the Vermont Department of Taxes website and mail a paper return. To mail your return with a payment, send it to Vermont Department of Taxes, P.O. Box 1779, Montpelier, Vermont 05601-1779. If you are due a refund or don’t owe any tax, mail your return to Vermont Department of Taxes, P.O. Box 1881, Montpelier, Vermont 05601-1881.

If you can’t file your Vermont income tax return by April 15, you can apply for a six-month extension through myVTax online, or by mailing Form IN-151, Application for Extension of Time to File. You must make your application by the original due date of your tax return. And a filing extension won’t extend the time you have in which to pay any taxes you owe — you’ll need to pay on time to avoid interest and penalties.

If you owe and can’t pay

If you can’t pay the full amount of tax due, you can request a payment plan. You’ll need to complete VT Form 693 for Wage Earners and Self-employed individuals and send it to the Vermont Department of Taxes, Attn: Compliance, P.O. Box 429, Montpelier, Vermont 05601-0429 to request a payment plan. However, be aware that not paying Vermont income tax by the due date means you’ll face interest and penalties, and other consequences like tax liens, debt collection or even garnishment of your wages.

Tracking your Vermont tax refund

You can track your Vermont state tax refund using myVTax, the Vermont Department of Taxes online system. If you have further questions, e-mail tax.individualincome@vermont.gov.

Bottom line

Vermont’s nickname is the Green Mountain State, but you don’t have to climb a mountain of paperwork to file your Vermont state income tax. Remember, e-filing is fast and accurate and can result in getting your refund in six to eight weeks compared to the eight- to 12-week turnaround time when you file a paper return.

A senior product specialist with Credit Karma, Janet Murphy is a CPA with more than a decade in the tax industry. She’s worked as a tax analyst, tax product development manager and tax accountant. She has accounting degrees and certifications from Clemson University and the U.S. Career Institute. You can find her on LinkedIn.

This article was fact-checked by our editors and Jennifer Samuel, senior product specialist for Credit Karma. It has been updated for the 2019 tax year.

Mardi Gras in Louisiana means you can party like there’s no tomorrow.

And then, after the carnival is over and the jazz stops, you’ll have to file your Louisiana state income tax return if you live or work in the Pelican State. Here are some things to know about filing Louisiana state tax returns.

• What are some basics of Louisiana state taxes?
• What are some Louisiana exemptions, deductions and credits to know?
• How can I file a Louisiana state tax return?
• What if I owe and can’t pay?
• How can I track a Louisiana tax refund?

What are some basics of Louisiana state taxes?

If you lived in Louisiana for even part of the year, or if you worked in the state and filed a federal income tax return, you’re required to file a Louisiana state tax return. If you’re in the military, your home of record is Louisiana and you have to file a federal return, you’ll also need to file a state tax return.

Taxing body

The Louisiana Department of Revenue manages collection of the state’s individual income tax, as well as other taxes, like Louisiana sales tax, consumer use tax, gift tax and estate transfer taxes.

If you have income tax questions or need technical help while filing your returns online, you can call the Louisiana Department of Revenue at 1-855-307-3893. You can also email your questions directly via a contact form on the agency’s website, which nicely warns you not to send confidential information because email is “not a secure environment.”

Filing and payment deadline

For 2019 state taxes, the state has extended the filing and payment deadline. Louisiana residents now have until July 15, 2020, to file their state returns and pay any state tax they owe for 2019. As with the federal deadline extension, Louisiana won’t charge interest on unpaid balances between April 15 and July 15, 2020.

You don’t need to do anything to get this extension. It’s automatic for all Louisiana taxpayers.

While this year is a bit different, the home state of the Big Easy generally gives its residents a bit of a break when it comes to a filing deadline. Louisiana’s Tax Day for personal income taxes is usually on or before May 15 — which gives you a month longer than the typical April deadline for filing your federal income tax returns with the IRS.

Filing statuses

Louisiana recognizes the five federal filing statuses: single, married filing jointly, married filing separately, head of household and qualifying widow(er). You must use the same filing status on your Louisiana state return that you claim on your federal return.

Louisiana income tax rates

Louisiana has three tax rates — 2%, 4% and 6%. Your tax rate and tax will depend on your filing status and your Louisiana taxable income.

What are some Louisiana exemptions, deductions and credits to know?

Standard deduction/personal exemption

Louisiana has a combined personal exemption-standard deduction. Here are the 2019 amounts by filing status.

• Single filers and those married filing separately: $4,500
• Married filing jointly, qualifying widow(er)s and heads of household: $9,000

There’s also a $1,000 amount for each exemption after the first exemption that filers take. But you won’t see standard deduction or exemption amounts on the IT-540 tax return. The combined personal exemption-standard deduction is included in the calculations the state uses to determine tax amounts shown in the 2019 Louisiana tax table.

Deductions and state tax credits

You might be able to take state tax deductions and credits if you qualify. Keep in mind that eligibility may be subject to caps and income limits. Tax breaks available for the 2019 tax year include the following:

• Deductions for school tuition, home-school educational expenses and public-school educational expenses
• An exemption of up to $30,000 of military income for Louisiana residents in the military who were stationed out of state on active duty for 120 or more consecutive days
• Credits for qualified dependents younger than 6 who attended a qualified childcare facility
• Exemptions up to a certain amount per beneficiary for contributions to the Louisiana Student Tuition Assistance and Revenue Trust
• A credit of 29% of the value of the donated property for donating computers or other tech equipment to an educational institution in Louisiana

How can I file a Louisiana state tax return?

You can file your Louisiana state tax return and pay any tax you owe electronically or by mailing a paper return. Options include the following:

• E-filing and paying via the Louisiana Department of Revenue’s free Louisiana File Online service. You’ll need to create an account.
• Using an approved software vendor from Louisiana’s list of approved vendors to help you calculate and file your federal and Louisiana state tax returns online.
• Going the paper route. Download tax forms, including Form IT-540— Louisiana’s equivalent of the federal IRS Form 1040 — through the LDR website. Nonresidents with income from Louisiana sources must use Form IT-540B. Part-year residents may also have the option of filing either a resident or nonresident return, depending on which is more beneficial.

Mailing the paper forms:

• If you owe a payment: Department of Revenue, P.O. Box 3550, Baton Rouge, LA 70821-3550
• If you expect a refund or face any other situation: Department of Revenue, P.O. Box 3440, Baton Rouge, LA 70821-3440

If you owe taxes, you can pay with your debit or credit card online by clicking on “Individual Income Tax Credit Card Payments,” which takes you to the department’s payments service partner. Or call 1-888-272-9829 to pay taxes by phone with your credit card.

What if I owe and can’t pay?

If you can’t meet the filing deadline, you can request a six-month extension to file your tax return. You must make the extension request before May 15, the tax filing due date for the 2019 tax year. But you still have to pay any Louisiana state income taxes you owe on time to avoid being charged interest and a late-payment penalty.

If you can’t make your full tax payment, you can apply for an installment payment plan for up to six months using Form R-19026.

How can I track a Louisiana tax refund?

Louisiana has a Where’s My Refund? tool to help you track your state refund. You can also use the LDR’s toll-free automated telephone system at 1-888-829-3071 or call 1-225-922-3270 for the Baton Rouge–area office. The expected processing time is up to 45 days for e-filed returns and 12 to 14 weeks for paper returns.

Bottom line

The state tax filing deadline in Louisiana is May 15, so that gives you breathing room to complete your state income tax return — about a month after the typical April 15 filing deadline for federal tax returns. If you’re due a state income tax refund, consider filing both returns by the federal deadline so you can get your state refund sooner.

Jennifer Samuel, senior tax product specialist for Credit Karma, has more than a decade of experience in the tax preparation industry, including work as a tax analyst and tax preparation professional. She holds a bachelor’s degree in accounting from Saint Leo University. You can find her on LinkedIn.

The Great Lakes State generates a lot of wealth, and it has a flat income tax rate, so filing your Michigan state tax return can be relatively easy. Let’s look at Michigan’s individual income tax and what you need to know to file your state tax return.

• The basics of Michigan state tax
• Michigan deductions, exemptions and credits to know
• How to file your Michigan state tax return
• If you owe and can’t pay
• Tracking your Michigan tax refund

The basics of Michigan state tax

If you are a resident of Michigan for all or part of the tax year and you file a federal income tax return, you must file a Michigan state income tax return — even if you don’t owe any state tax. If you don’t file a federal return, you may still need to file a Michigan state return if your annual gross income exceeds your exemption allowance. And if you don’t live in Michigan, but earn income there you may need to file Michigan state return and pay tax on certain types of earned income.

If you live in another state and work in Michigan, you must file an MI-1040 — the equivalent of the federal Form 1040 — showing your Michigan earnings. But this doesn’t apply if you’re a resident of a reciprocal state — Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Minnesota, Ohio or Wisconsin – and employee compensation was your only Michigan income. In that case, you’d file a Michigan state return only if you wanted to claim a refund of any Michigan withholding tax.

Here are a few things that could make the process easier.

Taxing body

The Michigan Department of Treasury administers tax laws and collects taxes in Michigan. You can call the department with general tax inquiries at 1-517-636-4486 and check out other income tax resources online, including information about tax rates, forms and instructions, filing your returns and the status of your refund.

Filing and payment deadline

For 2019 state taxes, the state has extended the filing and payment deadline. Michigan residents now have until July 15, 2020 to file their state returns and pay any state tax they owe for 2019. As with the federal deadline extension, Michigan won’t charge interest on unpaid balances between April 15 and July 15, 2020.

You don’t need to do anything to get this extension. It’s automatic for all Michigan taxpayers.

While this year is a bit different, generally Michigan’s Tax Day is April 15 — the same as the annual deadline for filing your federal income tax return with the IRS. If the due date falls on a weekend or holiday, the deadline will be moved to the next business day.

Filing statuses

Michigan offers only three filing statuses for individuals: single, married filing jointly and married filing separately.
If your federal return status is married filing jointly, you must also choose the same status on your Michigan state return. If you filed your federal return as head of household or qualifying widow(er), you must file as single.

Michigan income tax rate(s)

When calculating your Michigan state income tax, you won’t have to mess around with income brackets and tax rates, because the state charges a flat personal income tax rate of 4.25%.

Michigan deductions, exemptions and credits to know

Personal exemptions

In 2018, Michigan’s legislature passed a law that retains and increases the state’s personal exemptions, which would have gone away if the state had followed the federal Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. For 2019, the personal exemption amount is $4,400.

There are additional exemptions for the following:

• Those taxpayers who are deaf, blind, hemiplegic, paraplegic, quadriplegic, or totally and permanently disabled may be able to take an additional exemption of $2,700 per qualifying individual
• Qualified disabled veterans may take an additional $400 exemption

Standard deduction

Michigan’s standard deduction is only available if a filer (or their spouse if married filing jointly) was 67 or older on or before Dec. 31, 2019. Filers who meet age criteria can take a deduction of $20,000 if they file as single or married filing separately, or $40,000 if their filing status is married filing jointly. But they can’t deduct retirement and pension income on their Michigan state return if they qualify for the Michigan standard deduction.

Michigan state tax deductions

While filing a Michigan state tax return, you may be able to claim deductions on Michigan’s Schedule 1 form. Available deductions include …

• Renaissance Zone deduction, if you meet income, residency and other requirements
• Charitable contributions made to the Michigan Education Trust charitable tuition program during the tax year
• Price paid during the tax year to buy a Michigan Education Trust 529 prepaid tuition contract
• Qualified contributions made during the tax year to the Michigan Education Savings Program subject to certain limitations and caps

Michigan state tax credits

You may be eligible for state-level tax credits. In 2017, available credits included …

• Homestead property tax credit: This can help cover part of your property taxes if you’re a qualified Michigan homeowner or renter and meet certain requirements. The amount of credit is typically based on total household resources. For 2019, the limit for household resources is $60,000 and the maximum credit amount is $1,500.
• Earned income tax credit: If you qualify for and receive the federal earned income tax credit for lower-income earners, you are also eligible for the Michigan earned income credit. The state-level credit is worth 6% of the federal credit you received.
• Credit of income tax paid to government units outside Michigan: This can include income tax paid to a nonreciprocal state, local government (including in a reciprocal state), the District of Columbia or a Canadian province.

How to file your Michigan state tax return

• You can file your Michigan state tax return online by using a paid tax professional or one of the software vendors listed on the Michigan Department of Treasury’s website. Some providers may charge fees, so review terms, conditions and costs before choosing an e-file provider.
• You can mail a paper return. Download tax forms — including the MI-1040 — from the Department of Treasury website.

Mailing your paper return and relevant tax forms:

• If you have a refund, credit or zero returns, mail your return to Michigan Department of Treasury, Lansing, MI 48956.
• If a payment is due, send your return to Michigan Department of Treasury, Lansing, MI 48929.

Paying your tax online:

• Use a debit or credit card — for a fee — through the Department of Treasury’s e-Payments system.
• Pay by e-check — without a fee — if you filed a Michigan income tax return the previous year and your current address is the same as before.

If you owe and can’t pay

You should pay your Michigan state taxes by the annual deadline if you want to avoid a late-payment penalty and interest charges on the amount due.

If you can’t pay what you owe, you still must file your Michigan state tax return by the due date and then you can arrange to pay the amount you owe later. But you must wait until you receive a “Bill for Taxes Due” notice from the Michigan Department of Treasury to request an installment agreement. Before getting the notice, however, you can pay any amount using the state’s e-Payments system.

Tracking your Michigan tax refund

Michigan offers a Where’s My Refund? tool to help you track your state refund. Wait two weeks on an e-filed return or six to eight weeks on a paper return before checking on your refund status.

Bottom line

Michigan has a flat tax rate instead of tax brackets based on income, so completing and filing your state income tax return is less complicated than in many other states. If you’re expecting a refund, you can sign up for direct deposit at the bottom of your tax return to eliminate the chance of a lost or stolen refund check.

A senior product specialist with Credit Karma, Janet Murphy is a CPA with more than a decade in the tax industry. She’s worked as a tax analyst, tax product development manager and tax accountant. She has accounting degrees and certifications from Clemson University and the U.S. Career Institute. You can find her on LinkedIn.